For a standard carry-on bag with the common "domestic" dimensions of 22 x 14 x 9 inches (56 x 36 x 23 cm), the internal capacity typically ranges between 35 and 45 liters. The variation depends on the bag's design—hardside luggage usually offers closer to 35–40 liters because of the space taken up by the handle system and wheels, whereas soft-sided "travel backpacks" or "OneBag" specialized luggage can maximize the space up to 45 liters. International carry-on limits are often stricter (usually 21 x 14 x 8 inches), which drops the capacity closer to 30–35 liters. A helpful peer-to-peer rule for 2026: if you are a "minimalist" packer, a 30L bag is perfect for a 3-day trip, while a 40L–45L bag is the absolute maximum most airlines will allow in the overhead bin without being forced to gate-check. Always check the linear inches (Total: 45) rather than just the liter count, as some "bulky" 40L bags might not fit the physical dimensions of the airline's sizer.