The population of Sanibel Island, Florida, is estimated to be approximately 6,342 residents in 2026. This reflects a slight decline of about 0.74% since the 2020 Census, which recorded 6,389 inhabitants. The island's population took a temporary but significant dip following the catastrophic impact of Hurricane Ian in late 2022, but intensive rebuilding efforts have allowed the permanent resident base to stabilize. Sanibel remains an affluent and older community, with a median age of roughly 67 years. Approximately 94% of the population identifies as White, and the median household income is over $108,000. Despite its relatively small year-round population, the island sees a massive surge in "temporary residents" and visitors during the winter tourism season, which can swell the total number of people on the island to over 20,000 during peak weeks.