On a typical commercial flight, autopilot is used for almost 90% of the flight. To simplify, we can consider the flight to be divided into 4 phases of flight: takeoff, cruising, approach and landing.
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Takeoff is always achieved manually. However, depending on the aircraft type and airport approach facilities, they can be landed automatically using an instrument landing system coupled with onboard equipment. However, given a choice, most pilots prefer to perform a manual landing.
You need a working autopilot to fly above 29000 ft in RVSM airspace (where crossing traffic is only 1000ft above or below), but you don't necessarily have to have it engaged, and ATC doesn't know whether you have it engaged or not.
Autopilot is designed to cope with turbulence and will keep the aircraft close to the intended flight path without the risk of overcorrection. The recommendation is to keep autopilot ON during a turbulence encounter.
The simple answer is yes, pilots do, and are allowed to sleep during flight but there are strict rules controlling this practice. Pilots would only normally sleep on long haul flights, although sleep on short haul flights is permitted to avoid the effects of fatigue.
Even if a plane has an extensive autopilot that is handling the actual flight controls the pilot in command is still responsible for all aspects of the flight. He must keep up with operation of the plane as well as communicating with Air Traffic Control and directing the actions handled by the autopilot.
According to The May 2021 Occupational Outlook Handbook, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the salary for commercial pilots is $99,640 per year. The median annual wage for airline pilots, copilots and flight engineers is $202,180.
Fatigue is particularly prevalent among pilots because of unpredictable work hours, long duty periods, circadian disruption, and insufficient sleep. These factors can occur together to produce a combination of sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm effects, and 'time-on task' fatigue.
When an aircraft experiences turbulence, the plane can drop or change altitude suddenly. This is why pilots always caution passengers to buckle up and stay seated when they are experiencing flight turbulence. The sudden movements put passengers at risk.
Airplanes are built very sturdily. In fact, there's a lot of countermeasures built into the engineering of an airplane much like a car has different things to make a smooth ride on a bumpy road, airplanes have so many parts to it that's built into the aircraft to be able to deal with and safely handle the turbulence.
While pilots can't actually see turbulence, they often know what is coming up, thanks to reports from other planes, weather reports, and radar equipment. However, clear air turbulence (severe turbulence occurring in cloudless areas) can sometimes catch pilots off guard.
In any case, if the autopilot actually fails, you are no longer RVSM compliant and are required to notify ATC of the failure, and you will likely be told to descend below RVSM airspace, to finish your trip (which can impose a significant fuel burn penalty on a turbofan or turbojet).
Robotic pilots will probably take the position of human pilots, although a human pilot will still be needed to control the aircraft. AI or Robots can replace a pilot, but when? Aviation technology applications are not always created with human interaction in mind.