How much of UK trains are electric?

The number of route miles electrified in these years was answered to a written question in parliament. In November 2019 the annual statistics for route miles electrified was published by the DfT and shows that 38% of the UK network is now electrified.



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Railway electrification stands at about 37 percent of the global track length in 2018 (based on International Railway Union [UIC][1] data); this percentage has been growing over the last two decades by amounts that vary widely from year to year.

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Only 10% of British freight trains are currently hauled by electric locomotives. However, an electrification programme of 40 route miles per annum for 20 years could deliver the opportunities highlighted by CILT.

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No modern train uses a diesel engine to power their wheels directly. They're used as generators to power electric motors. So the only difference boils down to where the electricity comes from. And even in the most train-friendly countries like France and Japan, huge sections of the network are not electrified.

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Electric railways began in Great Britain in 1883 and the first EMU ran on the Liverpool Overhead Railway in 1893. In the early 20th century, systems were developed where all the motors on a train could be controlled by a low voltage signal from any cab.

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Trains in the UK are powered by a mix of electricity and diesel fuel. According to Network Rail, nearly half of the UK rail network is now electrified – with more than 30 per cent of the stock using a 'third rail' to power the train.

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Diesel trains are more versatile as they can work on the almost 60% of lines that aren't electrified and the portion that is. Diesel power can also transport exceptionally heavy loads and so is often used in the freight sector.

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Railway electrification in Great Britain began in the late 19th century. A range of voltages has been used, employing both overhead lines and conductor rails. The two most common systems are 25 kV AC using overhead lines, and the 750 V DC third rail system used in Southeast England and on Merseyrail.

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  • Share of electrification in the rail networks of:
  • Liechtenstein - 100% Armenia - 100% Ethyopia - 100% Luxembourg - 100% Dschibuti - 100%
  • Japan - 73% Montenegro - 89% Germany - 61% EU - 54% Switzerland - 84% Belgium - 85% France - 58% UK - 28% Sweden - 75% China - 65% India - 37% Russia - 51% USA - 0,54% ...
  • Found here:


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The Swiss rail network is the largest fully electrified network in the world and one of only eleven to achieve this. China has the 2nd largest electrified railway length with over 70% of the network, after India overtook china having almost 80% of its railway network electrified.

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Besides steam- and diesel-powered locomotives, many trains operate solely on electrical power. They get the electricity from a third rail, or electrical line, along the track. Transformers transfer the voltage from the lines, and the electrical current drives the motors (AC or DC) on the wheels.

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But to take the wider spirit of the question, there are a few reasons why high-speed train lines aren't used here: Short distances. About 80% of the population lives in a very small area between Manchester, Leeds, Bristol and London. Spending a lot of money to go not very far more quickly is questionable.

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Why don't we have driverless trains in UK? As I made clear to the Assembly last year, the London Underground system is an extremely complex environment, in particular, the deep tube lines. For reasons of safety, they are not suitable for driverless trains and there are no plans for their introduction.

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While rail workers have had their pay frozen in the same period, DfT data shows that the private train operators made £310 million in taxpayer-funded profits between March 2020 and September 2022.

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The decision not to procure new diesel trains had already been made in 2020. As soon as trains have reached the end of their economic life, they are now to be replaced with battery trains. Trains that are theoretically still operational are to be used on non-electrified lines during the transition.

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