High-speed trains are statistically among the safest modes of transportation in the world, often rivaling or even exceeding the safety records of commercial aviation. Systems like the Japanese Shinkansen, the French TGV, and the Spanish AVE have operated for decades with remarkably few fatalities per billion passenger kilometers. For context, high-speed rail is estimated to be roughly 20 to 30 times safer than traveling by car. The extreme safety of these systems is due to "dedicated tracks" that have no level crossings (no cars or pedestrians can cross the path), advanced automatic signaling that prevents two trains from being in the same block of track, and rigorous maintenance schedules. Even in the rare event of a derailment, high-speed carriages are designed with "articulated" connections and anti-climb technology to prevent cars from jackknifing or piling up. While high-profile accidents occasionally make global headlines because they are so rare, the actual risk of injury on a modern high-speed train is negligible compared to almost any other form of land-based transit.