You must be equipped with ADS-B Out to fly in most controlled airspace. Any airspace that requires the use of a Transponder, described in 14 CFR 91.215, also requires aircraft to be equipped with a Version 2 ADS-B Out system.
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You may fly without ADSB under the Class B or Class C shelf provided you remain outside of any Mode C veil. §91.225 tells you where you cannot fly. It says you cannot fly within the lateral boundaries of the Class B or C airspace or above the airspace. It does not say anything about under the shelf.
The regulation 14 CFR 91.225(e) allows aircraft not certificated with an electrical system, including balloons and gliders, not equipped with ADS-B Out to operate within 30 nautical miles of a Class B primary airport—basically, within its Mode C veil—while remaining outside of any Class B or Class C airspace.
MSL. DISCUSSION: A VFR flight that departs a Class D airport, cruises in Class E airspace at 7,500 ft.MSL, and arrives at another Class D airport may be made without ADS-B Out equipment installed because ADS-B Out is not required in Class D airspace or Class E airspace below 10,000 ft. MSL.
The FAA requires ADS-B Out capability in the continental United States, in the ADS-B rule airspace designated by FAR 91.225: Class A, B, and C airspace; Class E airspace at or above 10,000 feet msl, excluding airspace at and below 2,500 feet agl; Within 30 nautical miles of a Class B primary airport (the Mode C veil);
Pilots can easily make a misstep by turning off their transponder, and there are very limited circumstances which allow a pilot to do so.” Civilian aircraft can turn off their ADS-B Out only if specifically instructed to do so by ATC, or if they are the non-lead aircraft in a formation flight, Duke said.
A transponder is not required unless an aircraft is operating: In Class A, Class B, or Class C airspace. Above 10,000 feet Mean Sea Level (MSL), excluding airspace below 2,500 feet Above Ground Level (AGL).
I don't have ADS-B Out, can I fly in ADS-B rule airspace? Operators of aircraft not equipped with ADS-B Out, or with inoperative ADS-B Out, who wish to operate in ADS-B rule airspace must obtain an ATC authorization before flying.
There's one more thing to keep in mind when you're operating in Class B airspace: in general, you need to be at least a private pilot to enter the airspace. Student, sport and recreational pilots can enter specific Class B airspaces, but only after they receive training and an endorsement from an instructor.
In class E airspace, IFR aircraft are controlled by ATC.As a VFR aircraft, you aren't required to be in contact with ATC, but IFR aircraft must operate on an ATC clearance.