Andalusia is particularly rich in natural resources, but despite this fact, Andalusia continues to have one of the lowest GDP per capita in Spain and poverty is widespread. The economic difficulties of the region are commonly attributed to poor soil conditions.

In 2026, Andalusia is statistically one of the economically poorer regions of Spain when measured by GDP per capita and unemployment rates, which consistently trend higher than the national average. Despite this, it is a region of immense "cultural and resource wealth," boasting a world-class tourism industry, a massive agricultural sector (it is the "Olive Oil Capital of the World"), and a growing renewable energy market. The region’s economy has seen significant growth in 2026, fueled by a post-pandemic surge in international travel and investment in high-tech hubs in cities like Málaga, which is often called the "Silicon Valley of Europe." However, structural issues such as a reliance on seasonal labor and a lack of heavy industry in the interior provinces like Jaén and Córdoba continue to create an economic gap compared to northern regions like Madrid or the Basque Country. For a visitor, Andalusia feels anything but "poor," with its vibrant festivals, incredibly preserved Moorish architecture, and a high quality of life that draws millions of residents and tourists alike.