The answer is yes and no, as the relationship is more historical than literal. El Camino Real (The King's Highway) was the original trail established by Spanish missionaries in the 1700s to connect California's 21 missions. When the modern highway system was built, U.S. Route 101 was constructed to follow the general path of this historic route. Today, in many parts of California—especially in the San Francisco Peninsula (San Mateo and Santa Clara counties)—El Camino Real exists as a surface street (State Route 82) that runs parallel to the 101 freeway. However, in more rural coastal areas like San Luis Obispo or Santa Barbara, the 101 freeway is the official designated "El Camino Real." You can tell when you are on the "Royal Road" by the iconic mission bell markers that line the route. So, while the 101 is the modern high-speed successor to the trail, "El Camino Real" usually refers to the historic name of the path or the specific local boulevards that still bear the name while the 101 freeway hums nearby.