The government of the Bahamas supervises and administers the healthcare system in the country. Pregnant women, children, civil servants, and senior citizens over 60 years old have access to free healthcare. Regardless of one's ability to pay, access to public health care services is often free of charge.

Healthcare in the Bahamas is not entirely free, but it follows a "subsidized" model for residents. Since 2016, the National Health Insurance (NHI) Bahamas program has provided legal residents and citizens with access to free primary healthcare at the point of service, covering basic doctor visits, preventative screenings, and some lab work. However, this program does not cover more complex secondary or tertiary care, such as surgeries, emergency heart attack treatment, dental care, or chemotherapy. For these services, residents must pay out-of-pocket or use private insurance. For tourists and expats, healthcare is not free at all; medical costs in the Bahamas are relatively high, similar to the United States. Visitors are strongly advised to have comprehensive travel health insurance in 2026, as private hospitals often require upfront payment in cash or credit card for treatment. Additionally, those on smaller "Out Islands" may need to pay for expensive air-evacuation to Nassau or Florida for specialized care in an emergency.