It's worrying to see the lake's water level decline but the chances of it fully drying up are very slim. The Hoover Dam and Lake Mead still do so much important work for the southwest USA, in terms of both water supply and power generation.
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But experts say the Dam would not pass today's environmental guidelines. The Hoover Dam harnessed the power of the Colorado River to generate reliable electricity for southern California, Las Vegas, and many of the factories that helped win World War II. It also created much-needed jobs during the Great Depression.
Key Points. Lake Mead has dropped by 70% due to droughts in the West and it will take many years to refill again, naturally. The reservoir is vitally important to millions of people as a source of water, electricity, and recreation.
That water would likely cover an area of 10 million acres (4 million hectares) 1 foot (30 centimeters) deep. To put that area in perspective, the entire state of New Jersey is 9 million acres (3.6 million hectares). Downriver towns and major cities would see the most damage, in the event of the dam's physical collapse.
It supplies about 25 million people with water in Boulder City, Las Vegas, North Las Vegas, and Henderson, all Nevada's cities. In addition to cutting off water supplies for homes and businesses in the area, a dam collapse would destroy all the irrigation water supplies for farms in the Imperial Valley.
But the climate change-fueled drought and overuse of the Colorado River's water is pushing Lake Mead lower and threatening the dam's hydroelectricity production. Declining water flow has cut the dam's power generation capacity almost in half – around 1,076 megawatts – as of June.
D.J. Jenner, the owner of Las Vegas Scuba, who has been observing the lake for years, told Impact that the water levels have gone down roughly 40 feet since he started his business. There's still plenty of water out here for people to come out and enjoy the lake, but it is going down pretty quickly, he said.
To divert the Colorado River's flow around the Hoover Dam construction site, four 56-foot-diameter tunnels were driven through the walls of Black Canyon, two on the Nevada side and two on the Arizona side. Their combined length was nearly 16,000 feet (more than three miles).
Water taken directly from Lake Mead, the Colorado River or the underground water table isn't safe for people to drink, but those are the sources of Southern Nevada's drinking water.
“Although every drop counts, the reality is that the rain we received from Tropical Storm Hilary and runoff into the tributaries that enter Lake Mead as well as reduced releases from Hoover Dam — due to a decrease in downstream demand — has had some minor impact on the lake's elevation,” according to U.S. Bureau of ...
Lake Mead's water level continues to fall to historic lows, bringing the reservoir less than 150 feet away from “dead pool” — so low that water cannot flow downstream from the dam. The loss of water entirely from this source would be catastrophic.