In the battle of Tokyo vs Osaka attractions, Tokyo comes out on top for quantity, though Osaka doesn't lag far behind. Furthermore, those who want to see more historical sites may prefer Osaka due to its proximity to Kyoto, the old capital of Japan.
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By rail or road, the journey is more like 515 km. The fastest, easiest, and most convenient option is the Shinkansen, especially if you have a Japan Rail Pass or are looking to arrive quick-fast. The cheapest option is usually a highway bus, followed by flights — but these are both a bit time-consuming.
The ideal duration to explore Tokyo is at least 5 days to discover the main areas of the city and the outskirts of the prefecture. To explore Japan's best, spend at least 2 weeks here. Even then, you will realize that there are so many things to discover in Japan.
As these trains are not covered by JR pass, a one-way Osaka to Tokyo train ticket costs around 160 USD in peak season and around 120 USD off peak. Read more about the Japanese train tickets here.
You can visit Osaka at any time of year because the weather is temperate. The best times to visit Osaka are the fall (October/November) and spring (March/April/May). Summer (June/July/August) in Osaka is hot and humid. Winter (December/January/February) in Osaka is cold but not too cold for traveling.
How many days should I spend in Osaka? I recommend at least 5 days to see the must-see of the Kansai region, namely Osaka and Kyoto. But it would be better if you could stay for at least 8 days, which will allow you to visit all the best highlights of Kansai: Osaka, Kyoto, Nara, Kobe, Himeji, and Hiroshima.