Whether it is cheaper to fly or take the train depends entirely on the distance, region, and booking window. In Europe and parts of Southeast Asia, low-cost carriers (LCCs) like Ryanair or AirAsia often offer "headline" fares that are significantly lower than high-speed rail tickets, sometimes as low as €15–€30. However, once you add the costs of airport transfers, checked baggage, and seat selection, the train often becomes more competitive, especially since stations are usually in city centers. In the United States, flying is frequently cheaper than Amtrak for long-haul routes (e.g., NYC to Chicago) because of heavy airline competition and limited rail infrastructure. Conversely, on "short-haul" corridors like the Northeast Regional (DC to NYC), trains can be cheaper if booked in advance. A major "hidden cost" of flying is time; when you factor in the two hours for security and the commute to an out-of-town airport, the train often provides better "value per hour" for journeys under 400 miles.