More than likely it won't be especially comfortable and your vision will most likely be very blurry. Some can see better underwater than others, but you'll probably only be able to make out rough shapes and shadows. Blink your eyes several times before coming back up above the water. Continue to acclimate your eyes.

Yes, it is physically difficult for humans to see clearly underwater without goggles because our eyes are evolved to focus light in air, not water. The human eye relies on the cornea to refract (bend) light so it hits the retina correctly. Water has a refractive index very similar to the human eye, which means the cornea loses most of its "light-bending" power when it is in direct contact with water, resulting in severe "farsightedness" or blurriness. Goggles solve this by trapping a layer of air in front of your eyes, allowing the cornea to function normally. Beyond the optics, seeing can be "hard" because of irritants: chlorine in pools and salt in the ocean can cause stinging and redness. While some "sea nomad" cultures, like the Moken people, have trained their pupils to constrict more than average to see better underwater, most of us will always see a blurry world without our goggles.