Flying with a retracted eardrum can be safe, but it carries a higher risk of barotrauma and significant pain, and it is generally recommended to consult a doctor before boarding. A retracted eardrum occurs when the pressure in the middle ear is lower than the outside pressure, often due to a dysfunctional Eustachian tube. During a flight, especially during the rapid pressure changes of descent, a retracted eardrum may be unable to "pop" or equalize. This can lead to intense pain, muffled hearing, or in severe cases, the eardrum can rupture or fluid can build up in the middle ear. Many ENT specialists suggest that if the retraction is mild and you are not currently congested from a cold or allergies, you may be able to fly using preventative measures like "EarPlanes" earplugs, nasal decongestant sprays (used 30 minutes before descent), or the Valsalva maneuver (gently blowing with your nose pinched). However, if the retraction is severe or accompanied by fluid (serous otitis media), flying is often discouraged until the underlying Eustachian tube dysfunction is treated to prevent permanent hearing damage.