Both countries have Mediterranean climates, meaning they are generally temperate, with warm summers and mild winters. In Portugal, the average temperature in Lisbon is 24°C in July and 11°C in January, and in Spain the average temperature in Barcelona is around the same: 24°C in August and 10°C in January.
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Certain parts are Spain are undeniably hotter than Italy during the summer making it very uncomfortable to visit during the day. It was over 47 C (116 F) in Seville in June last year! Italy, especially the northern region of the country has harsh cold winters and good hiking and skiing opportunities.
This one is a close call with both destinations seeing temperatures sitting in the balmy mid- to late-twenties during the summer months. Out of the peak season, the Greek island of Crete warms up as early as May hitting around 25C, while the Algarve isn't far behind at around 22C.
Portugal is an extremely safe country. According to the 2022 Global Peace Index ranking, the Portuguese country ranks sixth among the safest countries in the world. Spain, on the other hand, ranks 29th. So, all things considered, Portugal is safer.
While there are definitely far more beautiful places to see in Portugal, from Óbidos to the Berlengas Islands to Monsanto and beyond, there's no doubt that you can cover a bigger percentage of Portugal's top destinations in one trip than you can Spain's.
The highest temperatures in Portugal tend to occur inland. The town of Amareleja is one of the hottest places in Europe during the summer, with a high temperature of 47.4°C (117.3 °F) recorded on August 1, 2003. Amareleja is located in the municipality of Moura, in the district of Beja in the Alentejo region.
Both cultures have interesting histories, and there's always lots to see and do, but for most people, Italy is the clear winner here. There is history and culture on every corner in Italy, and most people have much more of an interest in Italian history and culture than they do Portuguese history and culture.