Siena is often described as a "small town" in terms of its intimate, medieval atmosphere, but it is technically a significant city in the Italian region of Tuscany. As of 2026, it has a population of approximately 53,000 residents, which places it in the category of a medium-sized Italian city. However, its historic center is remarkably compact and pedestrian-friendly, enclosed within ancient walls that have preserved its 12th-century charm. This architectural preservation creates the "small town feel" that attracts millions of tourists. It is famous for its narrow winding streets, the shell-shaped Piazza del Campo, and the twice-yearly Palio horse race. While it serves as the capital of the Province of Siena and is a major hub for art, history, and university life, it remains a tranquil alternative to the much larger and more bustling city of Florence nearby.