The enormous building, called the Pantheon, was built as a temple to all the Roman gods almost 2,000 years ago. It still exists today, almost entirely in its original form.
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It is now clear from archaeological studies that Agrippa's original building was not a small rectangular temple, but contained the distinctive hallmarks of the current building: a portico with tall columns and pediment and a rotunda (circular hall) behind it, in similar dimensions to the current building.
The Pantheon and the Parthenon are both ancient temples. While the Pantheon was built in Rome to celebrate all the Roman gods, the Parthenon was built in Ancient Greece for the goddess Athena.
The earliest masonry dome, the Pantheon, was so heavy that engineers carved intricate shapes, called coffers, along the walls to reduce the weight of the enormous structure. They also gouged a hole, called an oculus, at the top, which created a daily light show for which the Pantheon is still famous.
The Pantheon of Rome is regarded as the oldest building in the world still in use (even if it is dedicated to a different deity these days). It is truly a national treasure of Italy - it is considered the best preserved ancient Roman monument and the most copied.
The dome: The dome of the Pantheon has a large hole in the middle, which is the eye of the Pantheon, or the 'oculus', and connects the Romans directly to the Gods. There are no windows inside the Pantheon, so the oculus is the window to the Gods, and likewise, the Gods are watching you. 4.
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the twelve Olympians are the major deities of the Greek pantheon, commonly considered to be Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, Aphrodite, Athena, Artemis, Apollo, Ares, Hephaestus, Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus.
The most fascinating part of the Pantheon is its giant dome, with its famous hole in the top (The eye of the Pantheon, or oculus). The dome was the largest in the world for 1300 years and to present remains the largest unsupported dome in the world. Its diameter is 43.30 meters (or 142 ft.)