The flight-restricted zone was enacted on September 11, 2001. The third layer of restrictions, known as Protected Area 56 (P-56), covers the airspace surrounding the White House, Naval Observatory, and National Mall.
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In addition, Federal law prohibits flying Unmanned Aircraft Systems, such as drones, anywhere in the District of Columbia. Washington, D.C. and the U.S. Capitol Grounds are designated as a NO DRONE ZONE.
It houses the president of the United States and his administration along with highly protected national intelligence. In fact, ever since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the entire DC area is considered National Defense Airspace (NDA) and is the most restricted airspace in the country.
Firstly, there's a lack of any real need to fly over the South Pole. There's a lot less airline traffic in the far reaches of the southern hemisphere than the northern hemisphere. For example, the southern hemisphere doesn't have the equivalent of those typically busy sub polar routes between North America and Asia.