In the 21st century, the conflict between the two “utterly distinct” cities largely lives on courtesy of football and other sports, but the historic rivalry which spans the likes of business, politics and culture, has been waged for at least 357 years, according to Prof Crawford.

Yes, there is a deep-seated and "friendly" rivalry between Edinburgh and Glasgow that has persisted for over 300 years, often attributed to their contrasting characters. Edinburgh, the capital, is known for its historic Old Town, dramatic castle, and "Auld Reekie" charm, often perceived as more academic, conservative, and tourist-focused. In contrast, Glasgow, the larger and trendier "sister" in the West, is celebrated for its working-class soul, vibrant music scene, and unpretentious, friendly atmosphere. Legend has it the rivalry may have started in 1656 over a dispute about the quality of bread, with Edinburgh bakers claiming their standards were superior to those in Glasgow. Today, the "East vs. West" divide is most visible in culture and preferences—such as Edinburgh’s love for "salt and sauce" on chips compared to Glasgow’s preference for salt and vinegar. While the cities are only 45 miles apart, Glaswegians often joke that the best thing about Edinburgh is the train back to Glasgow, while Edinburgh residents take pride in their city’s UNESCO status and fairytale aesthetics, ensuring the banter remains a vital part of 2026 Scottish identity.