Is UK rail profitable?

For the 2021/22 financial year, Network Rail recorded a £324M pre-tax profit. That is down from the £1.6bn profit recorded in the previous financial year. The profit dip has been blamed on inflationary-related cost pressures, with revenue only dipping slightly from £9.61bn last year to £9.55bn this year.



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Train companies at the heart of the long-running rail dispute have made hundreds of millions of pounds in profits since the Government put them on new contracts when the Covid-19 pandemic hit, a union claims.

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BNSF Railway leads the market The railroad focuses on transporting freight commodities such as coal, industrial or agricultural products. In 2022, the company generated some 24.49 billion U.S. dollars in freight revenue and hauled more than 10 million carloads across the country.

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However, railways can be very profitable especially carrying freight or passengers in denser areas. Busy passenger railway lines (eg most Japanese lines, main line rail in Europe, NEX in the US) can be hugely profitable.

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With the easing of restrictions due to the pandemic, passengers increasingly returned to the railway during the latest year (April 2021 to March 2022). Passenger revenues started to rise and as a result government support to the industry reduced. Total rail industry income in the latest year was £21.3 billion.

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Today, nearly 20 per cent of all European passenger journeys take place in the UK. This also makes the network the fastest growing in Europe. Rail passenger growth has outperformed population and employment growth and is double the rate of growth of GDP.

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While the US was a passenger train pioneer in the 19th century, after WWII, railways began to decline. The auto industry was booming, and Americans bought cars and houses in suburbs without rail connections. Highways (as well as aviation) became the focus of infrastructure spending, at the expense of rail.

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American railways were also built on a wider gauge (the distance between the rails), which allows for larger and heavier trains. As a result, American freight railways are much more efficient than their European counterparts, carrying almost three times as much cargo per mile of track.

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Top 5 2022 Railroads
  • BNSF Railway – $25.9 Billion Revenue.
  • 2 . Union Pacific Railroad – $24.9 Billion Revenue.
  • CSX Transportation – $14.9 Billion Revenue.
  • Norfolk Southern Railway – $12.7 Billion Revenue.
  • Canadian National Railway – $12.4 Billion Revenue.
  • Sources and Tools Used.


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Who owns and runs the UK's railways? Britain's rail network was first nationalised by Labour Prime Minister Clement Attlee in 1948 and then privatised again under Sir John Major's Conservatives in 1993. Network Rail, which runs railway infrastructure in England, Scotland, and Wales, is publicly owned.

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As a significant driver in the UK economy, the rail industry accounts for expenditure of around £12 billion per year.

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It was supposed to become self-supporting after a transition period, but it has never earned a profit and it consumed more than $50 billion in federal subsidies over five decades to 2020. In fiscal year 2021, Amtrak had revenues of $2.1 billion, expenses of $4.1 billion, and a loss of $2.0 billion.

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Throughout Amtrak's history, the company has never turned a profitable year, but seemed to be demonstrating greater economic viability before the COVID-19 pandemic. Amtrak lost only $29 million on operations in the 2019 fiscal year, and was on track to become profitable for the first time in its history in 2020.

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A story of US transportation Highways (as well as aviation) became the focus of infrastructure spending, at the expense of rail. This trend has continued, and not the least because highways require continuous maintenance, while the US's growing population demands more lanes and roads to relieve congestion.

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CLIMATEWIRE | The first U.S.-made high-speed bullet trains will start running as early as 2024 between Boston, New York and Washington, with the promise of cutting transportation emissions by attracting new rail passengers who now drive or fly.

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In a world becoming ever more urbanised, rail travel is well matched to urban needs. High-speed rail can serve as an alternative to short-distance air travel, and conventional and freight rail can complement other transport modes to provide efficient mobility.

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According to the statistics portal Statista, Union Pacific of the USA is worth a massive $75.4 billion, making it comfortably the biggest rail company in the world.

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