What are 3 major threats in air transport?

The air cargo system is vulnerable to several security threats including potential plots to place explosives aboard aircraft; illegal shipments of hazardous materials; criminal activities such as smuggling and theft; and potential hijackings and sabotage by persons with access to aircraft.



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Cape Town - There are four threats and five challenges to aviation security, according to a report by the International Air Transport Association (Iata). The four threats are those from insiders; aviation cybersecurity; security on the ground; and conflict zones.

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Lone-wolf and terrorism incidents compromising security. Human trafficking, inadequately documented passengers, contraband smuggling are other causes for concern due to their various degrees of risk.

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Flying too close to a mountain is a risk because it will require a direct reaction on the part of a pilot to regain safety, Bird near aircraft – and not bird strike – is a risk because pilots will have to take immediate action (slowing down) to regain safety.

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Levels of Threat. Level 1 — Disruptive behavior (verbal); Level 2 — Physically abusive behavior; Level 3 — Life-threatening behavior (or display of a weapon); Level 4 — Attempted or actual breach of the flight crew compartment.

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There are three types of air traffic controllers. These are tower controllers, terminal controllers and en route controllers. The diagram below shows who is in control at various stages of flight.

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The 'Significant Seven' covers: loss of control, runway overrun or excursion, controlled flight into terrain, runway incursion and ground collision, ground handling and airborne and post-crash fire.

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The demand for air travel depends on several factors, such as income, preferences, prices, substitutes, and complementary goods. Income is a key determinant of demand, as air travel is a normal good that increases with higher income levels.

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Threats can be classified into two groups, overt (active) or latent threats; Latent Threat – Not obvious to the flight crew and generally hidden within the system. Overt Threats – Are present on the day and are either anticipated or unexpected by the crew.

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There is an increased risk of exposure to COVID-19 when travelling in enclosed shared spaces, such as on trains, buses and aircraft, due to the close proximity of people.

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