Factors include aircraft performance and size, air traffic management, demand for safe and effective operation, the effects of noise on communities, and obstacles on the airways.

Building a new airport is a massive infrastructure undertaking that requires the evaluation of four primary pillars: 1. Topography and Land Suitability: The site must be large, relatively flat to minimize grading costs, and have stable soil that can support the immense weight of runways and aircraft. 2. Obstruction and Airspace Safety: The surrounding area must be free of tall buildings, mountains, or telecommunication towers that could interfere with take-off and landing paths (the "clear zone"). 3. Ground Accessibility and Infrastructure: An airport is useless if passengers can't reach it; it must have direct links to high-speed rail, highways, and existing utility grids (power, water, and sewage). 4. Environmental and Noise Impact: Planners must conduct extensive studies on how noise will affect nearby communities and ensure the project doesn't destroy critical local ecosystems or violate bird-strike safety regulations.