Aircraft emergencies are broken down into three categories: Alert 1, Alert 2 and Alert 3. These categories are defined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to provide standard descriptions and terminology for aircraft emergencies.
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Threats can be classified into two groups, overt (active) or latent threats; Latent Threat – Not obvious to the flight crew and generally hidden within the system. Overt Threats – Are present on the day and are either anticipated or unexpected by the crew.
Annex 12 to the ICAO Chicago Convention defines three emergency phases which are referred to as the Uncertainty Phase, the Alert Phase and the Distress Phase.
Category A: less than 169 km/h (91 kt) indicated airspeed (IAS) Category B: 169 km/h (91 kt) or more but less than 224 km/h (121 kt) IAS. Category C: 224 km/h (121 kt) or more but less than 261 km/h (141 kt) IAS. Category D: 261 km/h (141 kt) or more but less than 307 km/h (166 kt) IAS.