Code sharing, while beneficial for network expansion, presents several disadvantages for both airlines and passengers. For airlines, the primary drawback is the potential for brand dilution and loss of quality control. If a passenger books through a premium carrier but is flown by a partner with lower service standards, the ticketing airline’s reputation may suffer. Operationally, it complicates revenue-sharing agreements and requires complex IT integration to sync seat maps and baggage data. For passengers, the downsides are more immediate: it often leads to confusion at the airport (e.g., trying to check in at the wrong counter) and extreme difficulty in rebooking flights or making itinerary changes, as the ticketing airline often lacks the authority to modify a flight operated by another carrier. Furthermore, frequent flyer perks like lounge access, baggage allowances, and seat upgrades are frequently restricted or unrecognized when traveling on a codeshare partner, leading to a less seamless and potentially more expensive travel experience.