Based on available food, geography and other factors, many Caribbean cultures maintain diets heavy in fats, sugar and sodium. These ingredients can cause greater risk of obesity, which can result in major health complications such as diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and stroke.

In 2026, health issues in the Caribbean are characterized by a "dual burden" of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and climate-sensitive infectious risks. Hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease are the leading causes of death, with the region experiencing some of the highest obesity rates globally. Regarding infectious diseases, mosquito-borne illnesses such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya remain seasonal risks, exacerbated by the warming climate and increased rainfall. While the region has made strides in healthcare infrastructure, "health system fragmentation" and staffing shortages continue to affect the quality of care in some island nations. Travelers are generally advised to stay updated on routine vaccinations and use high-quality insect repellent. Additionally, mental health needs have become a prioritized issue in 2026, following several years of heightened focus on disaster recovery and economic shifts in the tourism-dependent region.