The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the 13th century (Yuan Dynasty), providing a unified inland navigation network consisting of more than 2,000 km of artificial waterways, linking five of the most important river basins in China, including the Yellow River and the Yangtze.

The Grand Canal (Canalazzo) is the "Main Street" of Venice, stretching 2.4 miles (3.8 km) in a giant S-shape through the city. It is important because it serves as the primary artery for all Venetian commerce and transportation; there are no cars, so everything from ambulances to grocery deliveries moves via this waterway. Architecturally, the canal is lined with over 170 buildings dating from the 13th to the 18th century, showcasing the evolution of Venetian Gothic and Renaissance styles. Key landmarks include the Rialto Bridge, the oldest of the four bridges crossing the canal, and the Basilica di Santa Maria della Salute. In 2026, the canal is also a focal point for environmental engineering; it is the site of ongoing studies regarding the "MOSE" flood barriers and the impact of large vessel wake on the ancient wooden pilings that support the palazzos above.