What are the positive and negative effects of tourism in the environment?

Sustainable tourism helps protect the environment Financial resources and employment are critical for local livelihoods and security. But as more and more countries focus on expanding their tourism sites, they often encounter problems with overconsumption of their finite natural resources, pollution, and degradation.



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Tourism and the environment can be mutually supportive In a number of destinations, tourism helps to ensure higher water quality and better protection of nature and local natural resources. It can generate additional resources to invest in environmental infrastructures and services.

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The Pros of Tourism
  • Creates Jobs. ...
  • Develops Countries. ...
  • Conserves the Environment. ...
  • Encourages Culture-Learning. ...
  • Damages the Environment. ...
  • Puts Pressure on Natural Resources. ...
  • Encourages Dependence on Tourism. ...
  • Leads to Loss of Cultural Identity.


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There are both positive and negative effects on communities related to the economic impacts of tourism in their communities. A positive impact can refer to the increase in jobs, a higher quality of life for locals, and an increase in wealth of an area.

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Environmental impacts can be categorized as direct effects including degradation of habitat, vegetation, air quality, bodies of water, the water table, wildlife, and changes in natural phenomena, and indirect effects, such as increased harvesting of natural resources to supply food, indirect air and water pollution ( ...

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Positive Impacts of Tourism on the Environment
  • Awareness raising and experience.
  • Skills and education.
  • Conservation activities and biodiversity.
  • Endangered species protection.
  • Illegal trade prevention.
  • Finance & jobs.
  • Sustainable practices & legislation.


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As well as generating employment and income, another positive impact of tourism is improvements in infrastructure. These include road and rail improvements, airport development and improvements in utilities, such as water supply and telecommunications.

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Tourism often puts pressure on natural resources through over-consumption, often in places where resources are already scarce. Tourism puts enormous stress on local land use, and can lead to soil erosion, increased pollution, natural habitat loss, and more pressure on endangered species.

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According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the three negative environmental impacts of tourism are: the depletion of natural resources, pollution and physical degradation of ecosystems. We will look at these more in detail now.

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Here are a few things to consider:
  • Take Fewer Flights & Reduce Your Creation of Carbon. ...
  • Offset Your Carbon. ...
  • Bring Your Own Waste-Free Tools. ...
  • Use Public Transportation & Walk/Bike. ...
  • Choose Eco-Friendly Activities & Tour Operators. ...
  • Book Eco-Lodging & Stay in Sustainable Resorts/Airbnbs. ...
  • Support Local People & Businesses.


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Here are five positive effects that ecotourism provides: it helps conserve natural resources, boosts the economy, creates opportunities for travel and discovery, encourages understanding between cultures, and raises people's environmental consciousness.

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Negative social impacts also include increased crime in the area, such as prostitution, illegal gambling and drug dealing and robbery. Very often, this is not related to local people, but occurs as a result of criminal gangs moving into the area to exploit tourists and sometimes local people as well.

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Positive social impacts in tourism include learning about different cultures, increasing tolerance and inclusion through LGBTQ+ travel, increasing amenities (e.g., parks, recreation facilities), investment in arts and culture, celebration of Indigenous peoples , and community pride.

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Tourism offers great opportunities for emerging economies and developing countries. It creates jobs, strengthens the local economy, contributes to local infrastructure development and can help to conserve the natural environment and cultural assets and traditions, and to reduce poverty and inequality.

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Tourism is responsible for generating many different jobs within a country, thus being a hugely positive influence on the economy. One of the other direct benefits of tourism on a country is the undeniable growth in jobs, and the number of business opportunities that open up for the local people.

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Disadvantages of Tourism
  • Tourists' Negligence of the Environment. ...
  • Exploitation of Local Culture. ...
  • Tourists' Lack of Compliance. ...
  • Lack of Job Security/Seasonal only. ...
  • Limited to Service-only Jobs. ...
  • Uneven Infrastructure Development. ...
  • Foreign Business Owners. ...
  • Disregard for Other Sectors.


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Tourism puts enormous stress on local land use, and can lead to soil erosion, increased pollution, natural habitat loss, and more pressure on endangered species. These effects can gradually destroy the environmental resources on which tourism itself depends.

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Disadvantages of Tourism
  • Tourists' Negligence of the Environment. ...
  • Exploitation of Local Culture. ...
  • Tourists' Lack of Compliance. ...
  • Lack of Job Security/Seasonal only. ...
  • Limited to Service-only Jobs. ...
  • Uneven Infrastructure Development. ...
  • Foreign Business Owners. ...
  • Disregard for Other Sectors.


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In some cases, habitat can be “loved to death,” where ecotourists may unsustainably harvest things for souvenirs, disturb wildlife and other organisms, and trample on plants, and compact the soil during their tourist activities.

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