What are the security threats in aviation industry?

Flights operating in the vicinity of airspace with conflict zones. Lone-wolf and terrorism incidents compromising security. Human trafficking, inadequately documented passengers, contraband smuggling are other causes for concern due to their various degrees of risk.



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Among the numerous cyber threats faced by the aviation industry, ransomware attacks pose the most significant concern. Ransomware can effectively paralyze an organization's daily operations, impeding access to essential systems and applications.

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Here are the 4 types of operational risk for airline SMS.
  • 1 - Loss of Control in Flight (LOC-I) Fortunately, loss of control in flight is relatively rare occurrence in aviation SMS. ...
  • 2 - Runway Safety. ...
  • 3 - Fatigue Risk Management. ...
  • 4 - Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT)


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The 'Significant Seven' covers: loss of control, runway overrun or excursion, controlled flight into terrain, runway incursion and ground collision, ground handling and airborne and post-crash fire.

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The air cargo system is vulnerable to several security threats including potential plots to place explosives aboard aircraft; illegal shipments of hazardous materials; criminal activities such as smuggling and theft; and potential hijackings and sabotage by persons with access to aircraft.

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Levels of Threat Level 1 — Disruptive behavior (verbal); Level 2 — Physically abusive behavior; Level 3 — Life-threatening behavior (or display of a weapon); Level 4 — Attempted or actual breach of the flight crew compartment.

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Threats can be classified into two groups, overt (active) or latent threats; Latent Threat – Not obvious to the flight crew and generally hidden within the system. Overt Threats – Are present on the day and are either anticipated or unexpected by the crew.

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LEVEL 4 THREAT Definition: Attempted or actual breach of the flight deck.

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Those eight critical elements include:
  • Primary aviation legislation.
  • Specific operating regulations.
  • State civil aviation system and safety oversight functions.
  • Technical personnel qualification and training.
  • Technical guidance, tools and the provision of safety critical information.


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