What are the side effects of carrying heavy school bags?

The longer someone carries extra weight, the worse the condition and body posture get. Over time, the person can experience pain, flexibility problems, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. This can increase one's potential for injury. It can also cause sore or stiff neck, backache, headaches, and sore shoulders.



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The recommended “safe weight” a child should carry is 10% of his/her body weight. The average backpack is estimated between 12 and 20 pounds, or 15% to 30% of the students' body mass. Overbearing weight is linked to student back and neck strains as well as nerve damage in the neck and shoulders.

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Even when worn properly, your student may need to lean forward to compensate for extra backpack weight. This can affect the natural curve in the lower back. Extra weight also can cause a rounding of the shoulders and an increased curve in the upper back.

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Tight, narrow straps that dig into your shoulders can cause tingling, numbness, and weakness in your arms and hands. Carrying a heavy pack can make people more likely to fall, particularly on stairs or other places where the backpack puts the wearer off balance.

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Pain caused from excessive loads has gained the term “backpack syndrome.” Backpack syndrome causes headaches, neck and back pain, and fatigue. There have been studies examining the effects of carrying backpacks on one shoulder versus both shoulders. Carrying a bag on one shoulder causes significant asymmetries.

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By putting a heavy weight on your shoulders in the wrong way, the weight's force can pull you backward. So people who carry heavy backpacks sometimes lean forward. Because of the heavy weight and this unnatural position, they can develop shoulder, neck, and back pain.

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Parents are often surprised at how much their child's backpack actually weighs. As a general rule, to prevent injury, a full backpack should weigh no more than 10 to 20 percent of your child's body weight. How a student wears a backpack is often just as important as its overall weight.

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In children and young adults, this syndrome can occur with strain or weakening of the intercostal muscles (muscles between the ribs), following repetitive activities that place extra stress on those muscles, such as carrying a heavy book bag.

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Heavy Bags Affect Your Natural Gait Uneven weight distribution forces you to alter your gait and swing one arm more than the other. This adjustment affects your neck and shoulders by increasing the exertion of one side while leaving the other dormant.

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Back pain from carrying backpacks can be avoided with the following solutions:
  1. • Check your posture. Carrying a backpack, especially a heavy one can change your spinal alignment. ...
  2. • Lessen the load. ...
  3. • Wear your backpack properly. ...
  4. • Consider backpacks with padded shoulder straps. ...
  5. • See a specialist.


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Overloaded backpacks may strain muscles and joints, cause neck pain, and can lead to headaches. Heavy backpacks can also pinch or strain nerves at points of contact.

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This type of paralysis can occur when a backpack overloads our shoulder girdle, causing the shoulder blades to sag down dragging the collarbones with them. The collarbones will then compress the delicate long thoracic nerve against our rib cage and it is this nerve compression which causes the paralysis.

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You might develop lower and upper back pain and strain your shoulders and neck. Tight, narrow straps that dig into your shoulders can cause tingling, numbness, and weakness in your arms and hands.

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It can cause poor posture, compressed discs in the spine, and even curvature of the spine. Straps digging into the muscles of the shoulder were also found not just to irritate the area, but to cause potential damage to the nerves of the hands and arms. These issues aren't just small problems.

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Parents are often surprised at how much their child's backpack actually weighs. As a general rule, to prevent injury, a full backpack should weigh no more than 10 to 20 percent of your child's body weight.

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BPP typically presents with paresis, numbness, and paresthesias of the upper extremity after carrying a heavy backpack. The painless motor weakness most severely affects the shoulder girdle and elbow flexors.

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Slinging a backpack over one shoulder can cause a person to lean to one side to compensate for the uneven weight. This can curve the spine. Over time, this can cause lower and upper back pain, strained shoulders and neck, and even functional scoliosis (curvature of the spine).

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