What are the social and cultural impacts of tourism?

There are many social benefits of tourism, demonstrating positive social impacts. These might include; preserving the local culture and heritage; strengthening communities; provision of social services; commercialisation of culture and art; revitalisation of customs and art forms and the preservation of heritage.



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Most of the common positive impacts of tourism on culture include increasing cross cultural interaction; understanding, maintaining and keeping local culture, arts, crafts and traditions; empowering host communities; and strengthening cultural values.

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However, as identified by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP, 2003a), negative social impacts of tourism can include: Change or loss of indigenous identity and values. Culture clashes. Physical causes of social stress (increased demand for resources)

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Tourism Impacts. Tourism can generate positive or negative impacts under three main categories: economic, social, and environmental. These impacts are analyzed using data gathered by businesses, governments, and industry organizations.

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On the one hand, travelers can participate in social tourism by contributing to their destinations – volunteering, participating in local projects, helping build homes for disadvantaged local groups, supporting local artists and crafters, donating, and more.

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Positive social impacts in tourism include learning about different cultures, increasing tolerance and inclusion through LGBTQ+ travel, increasing amenities (e.g., parks, recreation facilities), investment in arts and culture, celebration of Indigenous peoples , and community pride.

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According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization, cultural tourism is “movements of persons for essentially cultural motivations such as study tours, performing arts and cultural tours, travel to festivals and other cultural events, visits to sites and monuments, travel to study nature, folklore or art, and ...

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Negative social impacts also include increased crime in the area, such as prostitution, illegal gambling and drug dealing and robbery. Very often, this is not related to local people, but occurs as a result of criminal gangs moving into the area to exploit tourists and sometimes local people as well.

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Environmental impacts can be categorized as direct effects including degradation of habitat, vegetation, air quality, bodies of water, the water table, wildlife, and changes in natural phenomena, and indirect effects, such as increased harvesting of natural resources to supply food, indirect air and water pollution ( ...

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And before we can learn how to travel sustainably, we need to understand what damage exactly we can cause when we go on another vacation.
  • Destruction of nature and habitat loss. ...
  • Pressure on the resources of the area. ...
  • Loss of the cultural identity of the place and community. ...
  • Growth of aggression and crime rates.


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The findings indicate that tourism has contributed to the commoditization of the culture of society, the erosion of the local communities' socio-cultural assets, and the production of inauthentic products.

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The negative environmental impacts of tourism are substantial. They include the depletion of local natural resources as well as pollution and waste problems. Tourism often puts pressure on natural resources through over-consumption, often in places where resources are already scarce.

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Other negative sociocultural impacts are differences in social and moral values among the local host community and the visiting tourist. Outside of affecting the relationship between tourist and local, it can also cause friction between groups of the local population.

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These socio-cultural impacts of ecotourism on the host communities can be evaluated through proper judgment on changes on the population structure; transformation of types of occupation; transformation of values; influence on traditional way of life; and modification on consumption pattern of local people (Wearing, ...

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World Trade Organization's 6 Categories of Cultural Tourism
  • Handicrafts and visual arts.
  • Gastronomy and culinary.
  • Social practices, rituals, and festive events.
  • Music and performing arts.
  • Oral traditions and expressions.
  • Knowledge and practices concerning nature.


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