A typical lake has three distinct zones (limnetic, littoral and the benthic zone; Fig. 11) of biological communities linked to its physical structure.
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English: The three primary zones of a lake are the littoral, open-water (also called the photic or limnetic), and deep-water (also called the aphotic or profundal) zones.
Typically stratified lakes show three distinct layers: the epilimnion, comprising the top warm layer; the thermocline (or metalimnion), the middle layer, whose depth may change throughout the day; and the colder hypolimnion, extending to the floor of the lake.
The shallow down-sloping shelf of a lake or pond is commonly referred to as the lake's “littoral zone”. The zone is an area where the water meets the land. Plants here support wildlife such as wading birds, turtles and crabs. Littoral Zones are crucial components of healthy ecosystems, hence are protected by law.
Zone 4: Submerged Pond PlantsSubmerged pond plants grow in deeper water over 16? (40 cm) deep. They have long stems and their leaves usually (but not always) float on the surface of the water.