In the aviation industry, the two main types of airfares are Published Fares and Unpublished (Private) Fares. Published Fares are the standard prices that any traveler can see and book directly on an airline's website or through public search engines like Google Flights; these are subdivided into "Restricted" (cheaper but with fees for changes/cancellations) and "Unrestricted" (expensive but fully flexible). Unpublished Fares, also known as "Consolidator" or "Wholesale" fares, are discounted rates that airlines provide to travel agents and large tour operators. These fares are not available to the general public and are often significantly cheaper for international long-haul travel. Beyond this commercial distinction, fares are also categorized by their flexibility: Apex Fares (Advance Purchase Excursion) are low-cost tickets bought weeks in advance with heavy restrictions, while Full-Fare (Y class) tickets are the "walk-up" prices used by business travelers who need the ability to change their plans at the very last minute without penalty.