VFR-on-Top Restrictions:
- VFR-on-top is not permitted in certain airspace areas, such as Class A airspace, certain restricted areas, etc. Consequently, IFR flights operating VFR-on-top will avoid such airspace.
- If unable to maintain VFR, an IFR clearance must be requred.
ATC will not authorize VFR or VFR-on-top operations in Class A airspace.
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Class A. IFR flights only are permitted, all flights are provided with air traffic control service and are separated from each other. Class B. IFR and VFR flights are permitted, all flights are provided with air traffic control service and are separated from each other.
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Class C. IFR and VFR flights are permitted, all flights are provided with air traffic control service and IFR flights are separated from other IFR flights and from VFR flights. VFR flights are separated from IFR flights and receive traffic information in respect of other VFR flights.
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Class D. IFR and VFR flights are permitted and all flights are provided with air traffic control service, IFR flights are separated from other IFR flights and receive traffic information in respect of VFR flights, VFR flights receive traffic information in respect of all other flights.
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VFR-on-Top Restrictions: VFR-on-top is not permitted in certain airspace areas, such as Class A airspace, certain restricted areas, etc. Consequently, IFR flights operating VFR-on-top will avoid such airspace.
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Restrictions in Class D airspace Cloud clearance minimums are 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, and 2,000 feet horizontally. No VFR flights if ceiling is less than 1,000 feet AGL. Must request and obtain special VFR (SVFR) clearance to fly VFR when conditions are below minimums.
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Class C airspace is designed to establish and maintain safe separation of mixed general aviation and airline traffic. It is usually upside-down wedding cake shaped and depicted on charts with two bold magenta rings along with numbers indicating the airspace floor and ceiling within each ring.
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A VFR-On-Top clearance has its limitations. Here are a few you need to follow: Pilots may not fly below minimum en route IFR altitudes because you could crash into the terrain. Minimum en route altitudes exist regardless of IFR or VFR weather conditions and weather assigned a specific altitude or VFR conditions on top.
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Class G is usually found below 1,200 feet where Class E airspace typically starts, although there are of course exceptions. Class G is more prevalent and may be found at lower altitudes in less dense areas of the country where IFR operations are less common.
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The VFR Cruising Altitude rule does not apply below 3,000 feet AGL. There are some altitudes, however, that pilots seem to choose for level flight. Close to sea level they are 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500. They are easy to read and remember on an altimeter.
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Class D airspace: No transponder is required unless otherwise specified by ATC (Pilots only require two-way radio communication in this class of airspace).
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Class D is used for smaller airports that have a control tower. The U.S. uses a modified version of the ICAO class C and D airspace, where only radio contact with ATC rather than an ATC clearance is required for VFR operations.
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