The Class C airspace around Toronto/Lester B. Pearson International Airport (LBPIA) naturally concentrates circumnavigating traffic around its periphery.
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Class G is usually found below 1,200 feet where Class E airspace typically starts, although there are of course exceptions. Class G is more prevalent and may be found at lower altitudes in less dense areas of the country where IFR operations are less common.
There are two categories of airspace or airspace areas: Regulatory (Class A, B, C, D, and E airspace areas, restricted and prohibited areas). Nonregulatory (military operations areas [MOA], warning areas, alert areas, controlled firing areas [CFA], and national security areas [NSA]).
Where available, ATC may give separation guidance to IFR aircraft. In short, the real purpose of Class F is to allow flights to remain IFR in uncontrolled environments. Since this is a sort of mix between Class E and Class G airspace, there is no Class F inside the United States.
Class B airspace is the most controlled airspace in the United States. It is located around major airports and has strict restrictions on drone flying. In general, it is prohibited to fly a drone in Class B airspace without permission from the FAA.
The FAA requires that all aircraft obtain ATC approval prior to entering Class D airspace. Approval is given by the ATC facility that provides ATC services for the designated airspace. This is usually the local tower at a controlled airport.
In class E airspace, IFR aircraft are controlled by ATC.This might be a center facility (Air Route Traffic Control Center) or approach/departure facility. As a VFR aircraft, you aren't required to be in contact with ATC, but IFR aircraft must operate on an ATC clearance. That means the airspace is controlled.
Separation is provided within the Class C airspace and the outer area after two-way radio communications and radar contact are established. VFR aircraft are separated from IFR aircraft within the Class C airspace by any of the following:Visual separation.500 feet vertical separation.
In the 1900s, Hungarian physicist Theodore von Kármán determined the boundary to be around 50 miles up, or roughly 80 kilometers above sea level. Today, though, the Kármán line is set at what NOAA calls “an imaginary boundary” that's 62 miles up, or roughly a hundred kilometers above sea level.