Cunard Line is legally a British-American cruise brand operated by Carnival UK, but it is ultimately owned by the Carnival Corporation & plc, which is headquartered in the United States (Miami, Florida). While Cunard is the "gold standard" of British maritime tradition and its ships are registered in Bermuda, the parent company is a dual-listed corporation on both the New York and London Stock Exchanges. Carnival Corporation acquired Cunard in 1998, adding it to a massive global portfolio that includes Princess Cruises, Holland America, and P&O. Despite its American ownership, Cunard maintains its distinct British identity through its "Queens" (Queen Mary 2, Queen Victoria, Queen Elizabeth, and the new Queen Anne) and its headquarters in Southampton, England. This unique corporate structure allows Cunard to leverage the massive financial resources of an American conglomerate while strictly adhering to the "White Star Service" and formal British traditions that have defined the line since its founding by Samuel Cunard in 1840.