Most airlines in 2026 define a "small backpack" as a personal item that must fit entirely under the seat in front of you. Standard dimensions are typically around 18 x 14 x 8 inches (45 x 35 x 20 cm). If your backpack is larger than this, or if it has an internal frame that prevents it from being squished under the seat, the airline will likely classify it as a "carry-on bag," which may require you to pay a fee or use the overhead bin. For budget carriers like Ryanair or Spirit, this distinction is critical, as they strictly enforce these measurements at the gate. A standard school-sized backpack (20–25 liters) usually qualifies as a personal item, but a "hiking" backpack or a 40-liter travel pack will almost certainly be treated as a full carry-on. Always check your specific 2026 fare rules, as "Basic Economy" tickets often permit only this small personal item.