The usual American word for a longer period of time spent away from work or school, or for a period of time spent away from home enjoying yourself, is vacation.
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“Vacation” is often used in American English, and the word “holiday” is the usual word for the British people, to denote that period of time spent for fun or leisure. Both terms refer to time spent for ones personal preferences.
Vacation comes from the French vacances (in French the word is always plural) whereas British English uses a word that derives from Holy Day. Americans use “holiday” to mean an officially recognized day of significance, whether religious or not: Thanksgiving, Christmas, Independence Day (!!), etc.
A vacation (American English) or holiday (British English) is either a leave of absence from a regular job or an instance of leisure travel away from home. People often take a vacation during specific holiday observances or for specific festivals or celebrations.