When a cruise ship reaches the end of its profitable life (usually around 30 years), cruise lines have three main options: sell, repurpose, or scrap. Many older vessels are sold to "budget" lines or smaller regional operators in markets like India, China, or the Mediterranean, where they can sail for another decade. A rare few are "repurposed" into floating hotels or museums, such as the Queen Mary in Long Beach or the QE2 in Dubai. However, if a ship is too expensive to maintain or unable to meet modern environmental/SOLAS safety standards, it is sent to a ship-breaking yard. The most famous of these are in Alang, India and Aliaga, Turkey. There, the ship is "beached" at high tide and systematically dismantled. Everything from the steel hull to the toilets and cabin doors is sold for scrap or recycled. In 2026, there is a significant push for "green recycling" to ensure that hazardous materials like asbestos and lead are handled safely during the dismantling process.