For most airlines, the code serves as a short abbreviation for the company's full name. For example, American Airlines uses “AA” and United Airlines uses “UA.” Not all codes appear to be synonymous with an airline, though.
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Flight code and numberThere's generally a simple formula for this one: two uppercase letters, followed by a four-digit number. The letters are the airline code, or the numbers universally recognized to represent the name of the airline in shorthand. Some are obvious—AA is American Airlines, for example.
To the left of a flight number is a two-character code identifying the airline. All commercial airlines have a unique identifier code assigned to them by the International Air Transport Association. For most airlines, the code serves as a short abbreviation for the company's full name.
PNR is the abbreviation of Passenger Name Record and it is a digital certificate allowing passengers to do online check-in or manage their bookings in a short time. Also used as booking number, Passenger Name Record is a code with 6 alphanumeric characters (letters and numbers are used together).
Airlines can schedule multiple flights with the same flight number on the same day (sometimes on the same route and sometimes on different flight segments). This varies by carrier.
Four-digit numbers in the range 3000 to 5999 typically represent regional affiliate flights, while numbers larger than 6000 are generally codeshare numbers for flights operated by different airlines or even railways.
As a result, there has been a surge in demand for flight numbers, and scheduling two flights with the same number is one way an airline can conserve them. Short regional flights from a hub, for example, might use the same number on the outbound and the return.