To board a closed-loop cruise (one that begins and ends at the same U.S. port), U.S. citizens technically only need a state-certified birth certificate and a valid government-issued photo ID, such as a driver's license. However, in 2026, travel experts and cruise lines like Royal Caribbean and Carnival "strongly recommend" a valid U.S. Passport Book or Card instead. The reason is a "safety net" issue: if you are forced to disembark in a foreign port due to a medical emergency or missing the ship, you cannot fly back to the U.S. from a foreign country without a passport. Additionally, as of May 7, 2025, your driver's license must be REAL ID-compliant (marked with a star) to be used as your photo identification at the terminal. While the "birth certificate + ID" combo remains a legal loophole under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), having a passport ensures a seamless experience at customs and protects you against unexpected international flight requirements.