There are also millions of stateless people, who have been denied a nationality and access to basic rights such as education, healthcare, employment and freedom of movement. There are diminishing prospects for refugees when it comes to hopes of any quick end to their plight.

Refugees often face severe "protection gaps," lacking access to basic rights and services that most citizens take for granted. Primarily, many lack "legal status" or a right to work, which forces them into exploitative informal labor or extreme poverty. They frequently have limited access to quality healthcare, as local systems may be overwhelmed or require documentation they do not possess. Education is another major hurdle; millions of refugee children are out of school due to language barriers, lack of school fees, or non-recognition of prior certifications. Furthermore, refugees often lack "freedom of movement," being confined to camps or specific regions. Finally, they often lack access to formal financial services like bank accounts, making it impossible to save money securely or receive international transfers, which further traps them in a cycle of displacement and economic instability.