One long whistle (three to 10 seconds) means the train is approaching a station.
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Crossings: 2 long, 1 short, 1 long - means train is coming. That last long is to be held until the train has occupied the crossing. Also, not all crossings require a whistle. Fire: 3 short, pause, 3 short - warn nearby people/crews/etc.
By 1938, the Association of American Railroads had adopted the long-long-short-long signal for rail crossings. But whatever the horn pattern, the goal is to warn people well in advance that a train is coming. In 2021, 236 people were killed at highway-rail grade crossings in the US.
Train is stopping: Blow one short whistle. Train is approaching the station: Blow one long whistle for 3-10 seconds. Train is going to reverse: Blow three short whistles in a row. Train is going to move forward: Blow two short whistles.
Its primary purpose is to alert persons and animals to an oncoming train, especially when approaching a level crossing. They are often extremely loud, allowing them to be heard from great distances. They are also used for acknowledging signals given by railroad employees, such as during switching operations.
The Bible is literally full of spiritual train whistles intended to warn us of spiritual danger and death. We need to listen to those whistles and heed his loving warnings.
The blast of the train whistle under temperature inversion conditions can to bend upward, traveling quickly through the warm air high above the ground before spreading downward through the cool air closer to the ground and into your ear through an open bedroom window.
So, as you can see from the name, all this honking business is pretty strict and obliges trains to make four blasts approximately 20 seconds before they reach a crossing. But that's not all! Trains whistles and horns are an effective method of communication!
The reason that trains honk their horns so much at night is because it's dark and the trains aren't so easy to see. Even though the lights are on, we sometimes can't see them coming, especially around the many blind curves near or ahead of the train station.
The intensity of sound will vary at night, sometimes louder and sometimes softer. It has to do with the height and strength of a temperature inversion just above the ground. On clear, calm nights, it is cooler at the ground than higher up.
The reason that trains honk their horns so much at night is because it's dark and the trains aren't so easy to see. Even though the lights are on, we sometimes can't see them coming, especially around the many blind curves near or ahead of the train station.
Under the Train Horn Rule (49 CFR Part 222, issued on August 17, 2006), locomotive engineers must begin to sound train horns at least 15 seconds, and no more than 20 seconds, in advance of all public grade crossings.
When air warms with altitude a temperature inversion exists.Sound travels faster in warm air than it does in cool air. This means the sound of a train horn will bend downward when it passes through an inversion causing sound waves to propagate farther than normal.