Birds (mostly owls), lizards, a few small snakes, mammals (some rodents and carnivores), and frogs and toads all eat scorpions. A few vertebrates even specialize on scorpions, at least seasonally. Some scorpions are their own worst enemies, with both cannibalism and predation on other species being common.

Despite their venomous stingers and tough exoskeletons, scorpions in the Sahara Desert face a wide array of predators in 2026's harsh ecosystem. Key hunters include nocturnal owls, which use their exceptional low-light vision to spot scorpions moving across the sand, and desert hedgehogs, which have a natural resistance to many types of venom. Various species of snakes and lizards also regularly feast on scorpions; some snakes have developed specialized scales and hunting techniques to avoid the scorpion's strike. Perhaps most surprisingly, large centipedes and predatory beetles will often take on smaller or juvenile scorpions. Even humans in certain Saharan cultures have historically consumed scorpions as a source of protein, often roasted or fried to neutralize the venom. The Sahara's "deathstalker" scorpion, one of the most dangerous in the world, is not immune to this cycle of predation, illustrating that even the most formidable arachnids are just another link in the complex desert food web where survival is a constant battle against a hungry neighbor.