What happens if a lithium battery goes on a plane?

Lithium batteries can overheat and ignite under certain conditions, posing a fire hazard on aircraft. These fires can be challenging to extinguish and may cause severe damage to the airplane and its passengers.



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Lithium batteries, which power everyday devices, can catch fire if damaged or if battery terminals are short-circuited. Devices containing lithium metal batteries or lithium ion batteries, including – but not limited to – smartphones, tablets, cameras and laptops, should be kept in carry-on baggage.

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Therefore, it is important to follow the TSA guidelines for travelling with batteries and to pack them properly. In addition to this, the FAA prohibits passengers from packing spare lithium batteries in their checked luggage. If you violate this rule, you could face fines or even criminal charges.

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Through a process called X-ray absorption, TSA agents are able to identify lithium-ion batteries and remove them for further inspection. When X-rays pass through a piece of luggage, they create an image on the other side. The TSA agent looks at this image and can tell if there are any suspicious items present.

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Spare (uninstalled) lithium ion and lithium metal batteries, including power banks and cell phone battery charging cases, must be carried in carry-on baggage only.

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Checked Bags: No Spare (uninstalled) lithium ion and lithium metal batteries, including power banks and cell phone battery charging cases, must be carried in carry-on baggage only.

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Methods include: leaving the batteries in their retail packaging, covering battery terminals with tape, using a battery case, using a battery sleeve in a camera bag, or putting them snugly in a plastic bag or protective pouch.

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Lithium batteries can produce dangerous heat levels, cause ignition, short circuit very easily, and cause inextinguishable fires. That's why renowned aviation authorities, including those in the USA, have banned lithium batteries when traveling.

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Spare (uninstalled) lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries, electronic cigarettes and vaping devices are prohibited in checked baggage. They must be carried with the passenger in carry-on baggage.

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Damaged, defective or recalled lithium batteries must not be carried in carry-on or checked baggage if they are likely to be a safety concern by overheating or catching on fire. When in doubt, leave it out. Check the FAA's Pack Safe website for the rules on carrying these items and other dangerous goods in baggage.

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Since 1991, the US Federal Aviation Agency has reported 225 incidents (pdf) of smoke, fire, extreme heat, or explosion involving lithium-ion batteries in cargo or baggage. The way to catch stray lithium-ion batteries is to blast X-rays on the luggage.

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Spare (uninstalled) lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries, electronic cigarettes and vaping devices are prohibited in checked baggage. They must be carried with the passenger in carry-on baggage.

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Quantity limits: None for most batteries — but batteries must be for use by the passenger. Batteries carried for further sale or distribution (vendor samples, etc.) are prohibited. There is a limit of two spare batteries per person for the larger lithium ion batteries described above (101–160 watt hours per battery).

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Just remember with lithium ion, you can carry four batteries under 100 watts on the airplane with you. You can't check them if they're loose. You can check them if they're in other devices. You can also take two up to 160 watt or sometimes one 300 watt battery with special permission.

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In fact, the incidence rate in the U.S. has rocketed up by about 42% since 2018. Since 2021, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), says there is an average of at least one lithium battery catching fire per week on airplanes in U.S. airspace.

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The best practice to extinguish the fire is to use either a halon or water-based fire extinguisher.

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When a carry-on bag is checked at the gate or at planeside, all spare lithium batteries and power banks must be removed from the bag and kept with the passenger in the aircraft cabin. The battery terminals must be protected from short circuit.

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For example, flyers often wonder if a 20000mah power bank is allowed on flight. As 20000mah makes for less than 100 watt-hours, it can be carried in cabin luggage.

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In summary: Power banks are allowed on planes in carry on bags only. Power banks are not allowed in checked luggage / cargo luggage. You can bring power banks up to 27,000 mAh on most passenger aircraft.

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Damaged, defective or recalled lithium batteries must not be carried in carry-on or checked baggage if they are likely to be a safety concern by overheating or catching on fire.

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Power Banks and Battery Packs
The airport staff will check to see that your power bank is under 100Wh (watt hours); if it isn't, or is up to 160Wh without prior approval from the airline, it will probably be confiscated. This isn't directly due to any notion that airport scanners damage batteries.

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