What happens if I spend more than 3 months in Europe?
To stay longer than 90 days, you must have a visa. Apply for a visa through the embassy of the country where you will spend most of your time.
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You must wait an additional 90 days before applying to re-enter the Schengen area. To stay longer than 90 days, you must have a visa. Apply for a visa through the embassy of the country where you will spend most of your time.
The 90/180 rule applies to all of the European countries which have signed the Schengen agreement, so it doesn't matter if you spent your days spread out between countries; as long as those are Schengen member states, the time you spent in those countries is counted towards your 90 days. They go over the 180-day limit.
For the avoidance of any confusion, most EU nations are members of the Schengen area, which comprises 26 countries, but not all of the countries in Europe are members of the EU. That is why only European citizens from the 26 Schengen nations can enter Spain without a visa and stay for 90 days.
Spain is a party to the Schengen Agreement. This means that U.S. citizens may enter Spain for up to 90 days for tourism or business without a visa. Your passport should be valid for at least three months beyond the period of stay.
The 90 days don't have to be consecutive – for example, you could spend 30 days in Spain, 30 days in France, and 30 days in Italy within the six-month period allowed, with gaps in between each stay.
Once you have reached the 90/180 day limit, you must return to your country of origin. If you wanted to extend your stay in Spain, you would still need to return home to apply for an appropriate visa at your country's Spanish embassy, so that you can come back to Spain and obtain a residence permit for a longer stay.
The possible consequences for staying more than 90/180 days include: ? Fines – depending on the country and how long you've overstayed, you could be made to pay a fine of anything from 500€ to 10,000€. This penalty may be combined with an entry ban.