The correct answer is Inertia of the passengers. As the driver applies brakes, the bus comes to rest. While the passenger tries to maintain the inertia of motion. As a result, a forward force is exerted on him.
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And the bus stopped suddenly. I fell down. Because of Newton's Law of Inertia, which states: An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
When a bus starts suddenly,its passengers tend to fall backwards because due to their inertia, the passengers tend to remain in a state of rest even when the bus starts moving.
The energy of the bus has to go somewhere, and the momentum too, as they are independently conserved. Part of the energy goes to heat, in the brakes and on the contact ground/wheels. Heat means photons, so photons may take away some momentum. But most momentum through friction is transferred to the ground .
When a bus takes a turn, the centrifugal force felt by the passengers, is directed opposite to the direction of the turn. Hence, when a bus takes a right turn, the passengers inside the bus seem to lean towards left.
Mainly in order to maintain schedule. Traffic on the streets is highly unpredictable. There is a certain degree of uncertainty associated with travel times from one stop to another even when the bus way is grade separated from other traffic. In mixed traffic, there is no way to predict travel times at all.
The bus is on a route that doesn't include stopping there. The bus is going out of service and is not picking up more passengers. The bus is completely full and no-one is getting off at that stop, so no-one will be able to get on and there is no point in stopping.
Buses do have air suspension. When the bus stops at a stop a valve is opened to let the air out of the airbags which lowers the front of the bus making boarding and alighting easier for the passengers, especially those with mobility issue...
Since the bus is no longer moving as fast as that, you fly forward relative to the bus, until you hit something that stops you. This is a direct consequence of Newton's First Law: since there are no outside forces acting on you, you continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed.
You are not allowed to load or unload in a bus stop and you should have sought an alternative place to load or unload your vehicle where the restrictions allow you to do so. You are therefore liable for the Penalty Charge Notice (PCN).