Fines – fines can be levied in addition to other penalties and vary per country. In Italy, those caught overstaying their visa on Italian soil theoretically face both an expulsion order and a fine of between €5,000 and €10,000.
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Once you have used up your maximum allowed stay of 90 days within the 180-day period in the Schengen Area, you must leave the Schengen Area and remain outside for at least 90 consecutive days before you can re-enter again.
Americans must have an entrance visa which should be obtained at an Italian consulate before coming to Italy, in order to remain in Italy more than three months and gain resident status. This procedure will take several weeks to complete so it is advisable to apply well in advance of the departure date.
Overstaying your limit in the EU also means risking a fine. This can be levied along with other penalties and the amount depends on the country. In Italy, you might have to pay between €5,000 and €10,000. In Germany, a fine of up to €3,000 is possible while in Spain it can range from €500 to €10,000.