What happens to a lake when it turns over?

Twice a year, unseen forces churn water from the depths of our deeper lakes and deliver oxygen and nutrients essential to aquatic life. This temperature-driven process of lake “turnover” allows aquatic life to inhabit the entirety of the lake as oxygen becomes more available.



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Cooler weather means your lake or pond will soon turn over. When this happens the entire water column will mix or “turnover”. As a result, the bottom sediments are stirred and anaerobic conditions are mixed throughout the entire pond for a period of time.

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Not necessarily, each one is different, the size of the body of water, the weather, the depth of it all going into whether or not your lake will turn-over. Shallow lakes will often times not turn over while large deep lakes may only turn over in certain parts of the lake.

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In temperate latitudes, many lakes that become stratified during the summer months de-stratify during cooler windier weather with surface mixing by wind being a significant driver in this process. This is often referred to as autumn turn-over.

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Turnover is like being at the mall … or at a fair. Turnover is a natural way the lake cleans up harmful bacteria and algae. It carries dead algae down into the depths of the lake where there is less sunlight, helping to prevent algae growth.

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During the summer, if a waterbody is deep enough to stratify into three distinct layers, with one warm layer on top, one cold layer at the bottom and a layer of rapidly changing temperature in between (called a “thermocline”), then it is a “lake,” while a waterbody with one or two weakly defined layers is a “pond.”

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Algae are tiny plants that multiply rapidly when the water becomes stagnant. Some types of algae produce toxins that can be harmful to both humans and animals. Moreover, these algae can form dense layers that block sunlight from reaching the bottom of the water.

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Because warm water sinks in very cold freshwater, fish in these water bodies often gather in groups near the bottom. Some species, like koi and gobies, may burrow into soft sediments and go dormant like frogs and other amphibians, but most fish simply school in the deepest pools and take a winter rest.

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