What happens to animals kept in zoos?

Many animals held in captivity begin to form abnormal symptoms referred to as “zoochosis”. These neurotic and atypical behaviors occur as a result of boredom, depression, frustration, a lack of mental and physical enrichment, and removal from their natural habitat and social structures.



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Most of these animals were born in captivity, with zoos playing a major role in such projects, while other schemes involve moving wild animals to new areas. This study reviewed 45 case studies, involving 17 carnivore species, and found that only 30% of captive animals released survived.

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Most animals confined in zoos are not endangered, nor are they being prepared for release into natural habitats. In fact, it is nearly impossible to release captive-bred animals, including threatened species like elephants, polar bears, gorillas, tigers and chimpanzees into the wild.

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Animals also get vitamins and other supplements to keep them healthy. Most big zoos have a fulltime staff of veterinarians and other health experts. They examine the animals and treat them in case they become ill. However, even in zoos, animals can get hurt.

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While zoo advocates and conservationists argue that zoos save endangered species and educate the public, many animal rights activists believe the cost of confining animals outweighs the benefits, and that the violation of the rights of individual animals—even in efforts to fend off extinction—cannot be justified.

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Some animals in zoos are kept in enclosures far too small for them, while others are forced to perform degrading tricks. Even in the best zoos, under the best conditions, a lifetime of captivity is no life at all for wild animals.

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Yes, there are many poorly run zoos/aquariums/sanctuaries, but there are also those who fight hard against extinction, reintroduce species on the brink of extinction, and work with governments and communities to protect species and house animals during rehabilitation and recovery.

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Zoos and aquariums also often rehabilitate injured animals, and then release them into the wild.

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What Are Some Pros and Cons of Zoos?
  • Animals Often Only Have Quite Limited Space. ...
  • Zoos Are Crowded. ...
  • Animals Are Trapped in Unnatural Environments. ...
  • Confinement May Alter the Behavior of Animals. ...
  • 'Surplus' Animals Can Be Killed. ...
  • Animals Are Often Mistreated. ...
  • Animals Don't Like Being Visited. ...
  • Animals Struggle to Form Connections.


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On average, captive animals (especially mammals) live longer than wild animals. This may be due to the fact that zoos provide refuge against diseases, competition with others of the same species and predators.

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This study reviewed 45 case studies, involving 17 carnivore species, and found that only 30% of captive animals released survived.

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Having animals in protection provides a reservoir against a population crash in the wild. Zoos have helped remove animals from the endangered species list and have saved many from extinction. Without the efforts of zoos, there would be fewer animal species alive today!

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Zoos have contributed animals toward releases of only 14% (40) of all animal species featured in published con- servation translocations, and 25% of translocated species sourced from captive-bred populations, and this propor- tion has not changed significantly over time (r = 0.229; p = 0.135).

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What we do know so far is that evidence suggests wild animals can be as happy in captivity as they are in nature, assuming they are treated well. Confinement alone doesn't mean an animal is automatically worse off.

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Do zoos help or harm animals? While some suggest that zoos exploit captive animals and that wild animals should be wild, these facilities also present wildlife conservation attempts and learning opportunities as well. Zoos may introduce trauma to animals, but they are also taken care of in zoos.

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8 Zoos Helping Animals Edge Out of Extinction
  • Phoenix Zoo: Arabian Oryx. ...
  • National Zoo: Golden Lion Tamarin. ...
  • Lincoln Park Zoo: Puerto Rican Parrot. ...
  • Columbus Zoo: Freshwater Mussels. ...
  • Cheyenne Mountain Zoo: Black-Footed Ferret. ...
  • San Diego Zoo: California Condor. ...
  • Toledo Zoo: Kihansi Spray Toad. ...
  • National Zoo: Przewalski Horse.


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AZA-accredited zoos and aquariums have collaborated on breeding and reintroduction programs that have helped save at least nine species like California condors, black-footed ferrets, Przewalski's horse, golden lion tamarins, American red wolves, and more from the brink of extinction.

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Most, nearly all, zoo animals these days were born in captivity. There are a few exceptions like many orcas and dolphins (which are both captive bred and caught from the wild). On a rare occasion, animals will be caught from the wild to increase genetic diversity in the captive population, but this is extremely rare.

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