If you're flying to Canada, you need a passport. No exceptions. If you're crossing a land or sea border, a birth certificate that establishes citizenship is sufficient for citizens under 16.

For domestic flights within Canada in 2026, children under the age of 18 do not strictly require photo ID, but they must be able to prove their identity. The most common and accepted document is a copy of the child's birth certificate. Other acceptable non-photo documents include a citizenship card, health card, or permanent resident card. However, it is a peer-to-peer "safety essential" to know that if a child is traveling with only one parent, or a guardian who is not a parent, the airline and airport authorities may request a notarized letter of authorization signed by the non-traveling parent(s). This letter should include contact details and permission for the specific trip. For international travel (including to the U.S.), the rules change drastically: every child, regardless of age, must have their own valid passport. Always check with your specific airline (like WestJet or Air Canada) at least 48 hours before departure to ensure you have the most up-to-date documentation for your specific family situation.